Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene GbDFR1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis | Ginkgo biloba |
gene GbDFR2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis | Ginkgo biloba |
gene GbDFR3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis | Ginkgo biloba |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | Ginkgo biloba | - |
leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | Ginkgo biloba | - |
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Ginkgo biloba | - |
- |
- |
Ginkgo biloba | I6XNY7 | gene DFR-3 | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
flower | - |
Ginkgo biloba | - |
gynaeceum | - |
Ginkgo biloba | - |
leaf | young, high expression level | Ginkgo biloba | - |
additional information | tissue expression profiles of DFR isozymes, overview. During the annual growth cycle, the GbDFRs are significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves | Ginkgo biloba | - |
root | - |
Ginkgo biloba | - |
stamen | high expression level | Ginkgo biloba | - |
stem | - |
Ginkgo biloba | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | - |
Ginkgo biloba | leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Ginkgo biloba | cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
DFR | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
dihydroflavonol-4-reductase | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
GbDFR1 | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
GbDFR2 | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
GbDFR3 | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
30 | - |
assay at | Ginkgo biloba |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7 | - |
assay at | Ginkgo biloba |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Ginkgo biloba |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Ginkgo biloba | GbDFR1 expression is suppressed by salicylic acid | down |
Ginkgo biloba | the GbDFR3 expression is downregulated by abscisic acid | down |
Ginkgo biloba | low-dose UV treatment, and 5-aminolevulinic acid, and salicylic acid have no obvious induction effect on GbDFR3 | additional information |
Ginkgo biloba | no effect on GbDFR2 expression by 5-aminolevulinic acid | additional information |
Ginkgo biloba | wounding has no effect on GbDFR1 expression | additional information |
Ginkgo biloba | GbDFR1 expression is induced by UVB radiation, abscisic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and ethephon | up |
Ginkgo biloba | GbDFR2 expression is induced by UVB radiation, abscisic acid, ethephon, and salicylic acid , and highly induced by wounding | up |
Ginkgo biloba | the GbDFR3 expression is induced by wounding and ethephon | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | three DFR cDNA clones GbDFRs occur in the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba. The deduced GbDFR proteins show high identities to other plant DFRs, which form three distinct DFR families. The three GbDFRs each belong to a different DFR family. Phylogenetic tree analysis reveals that the GbDFRs share the same ancestor as other DFRs | Ginkgo biloba |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR1 appears to be involved in environmental stress response | Ginkgo biloba |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR2 is mainly involved in responses to plant hormones, environmental stress and damage | Ginkgo biloba |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol-4-reductase catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids. GbDFR3 likely has primary functions in the synthesis of anthocyanins | Ginkgo biloba |